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\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 :(Caedmon)<\/strong>\u0643\u064a\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633 (Junius Manuscript<\/strong>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0641 (Cynwulf or Kynewulf<\/strong>) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a ( Vercelli Book) \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u062a\u064a: “\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0644”\u00a0 (The Fate of Apostles)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 “\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0646” (Elene)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u0643 (St. Guthlac)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 ( The Christ<\/em>) \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0631 (The Exeter Book)\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0651\u0645\u0642 \u062c\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c <\/strong>\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0630\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0645:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0661- \u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a (Bede<\/strong>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 673- 735 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648 “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629”\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u062c\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0623\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a” (De temporibus) \u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 “\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a” (De temporum ratione)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u062d (Easter)\u060c \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627 (the Revelation to John)\u061b \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a”Ecclesiastical History of the English People” \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0635\u0631 (55-54 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u063a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u00a0 (597 \u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0627 ( A translation of the Gospel of St. John) \u0648\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a\u060c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0662- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f (King Alfred)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c\u00a0 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0647:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0651\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n

(The Pastoral Care of St. Gregory I the Great, The Consolation of Philosophy of Boethius, The Soliloquies of St. Augustine of Hippo, and The first 50 Psalms.)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0622\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0647.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0651\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a( <\/strong>Ecclesiastical History of the English People” ( Bede <\/strong>“<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0633 Paulus Orosius<\/a>\u2019s Historiarum adversum paganos libri vii<\/em> (Seven Books of History Against the Pagans<\/em>) \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u062d\u0636 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a The Dialogues<\/em> of Gregory<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u062a\u064a\u0646:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0The Vercelli Book and The Blickling Manuscript<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0663- \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0643 (Aelfric)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0632\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0643\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0638 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0648\u00a0\u00a0 (Catholic Homilies<\/em>, 2 vol., and the Lives of the Saints<\/em>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0664- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633 \u0648\u0644\u0641\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 (Wulfstan) <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u00a0(Sermo Lupi ad Anglos”<\/em> (Wulf\u2019s Address to the English “<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0643 (Aelfric) \u0648 \u0648\u0644\u0641\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 (Wulfstan) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0665- \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0631\u062b (Byrhtferth of Ramsey)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c ( The Enchiridion<\/em>)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629:<\/u><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u062a ( The law code of King Aethelbert I of Kent) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u063a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a 597 .<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u00a0 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u062b\u0628\u0631\u062a (Cuthbert, a monk at Jarrow)\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062b\u0631\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0639\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u0647\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0629 ( The Benedictine Reform):<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0623\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\u062f (Aethelwold) \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0643\u062a (Aethelwold).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Apollonius of Tyre)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062e\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0649 (450 – 1066)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648 \u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (britannica)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 (A History of the English Language)<\/span><\/p>\n

*\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0643 \u2013 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631: Fatima Al-Sharif<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u063a\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0634\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":10156,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1638,103,8],"tags":[189,1283,1725,1721,1290,1723,952,1722,1726,1720,605,1724],"class_list":["post-10155","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-1638","category-103","category-8","tag-189","tag-1283","tag-1725","tag-1721","tag-1290","tag-1723","tag-952","tag-1722","tag-1726","tag-1720","tag-605","tag-1724"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fargad.sa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10155","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fargad.sa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fargad.sa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fargad.sa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fargad.sa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10155"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/fargad.sa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10155\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10214,"href":"https:\/\/fargad.sa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10155\/revisions\/10214"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fargad.sa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10156"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fargad.sa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10155"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fargad.sa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10155"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fargad.sa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10155"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}