{"id":10882,"date":"2022-02-05T21:31:23","date_gmt":"2022-02-05T18:31:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fargad.sa\/?p=10882"},"modified":"2022-02-05T21:31:23","modified_gmt":"2022-02-05T18:31:23","slug":"%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%82-%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fargad.sa\/?p=10882","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u061b \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0635\u0642\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646)\u061b \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/span> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0628\u0648\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 (\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2060 \u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0636\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/span>\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0634\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0639 \u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1692\u0645\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0643 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 – \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0626\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 – \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 <\/span><\/span>\u0628<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0644. \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627 <\/span><\/span>\u0647\u0648 <\/span><\/span>\u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0630<\/span><\/span>\u0627<\/span><\/span> \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0642\u0636\u0649 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u061f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1696 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u062c\u064a\u062f: \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629: “<\/span><\/span> \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 <\/span><\/span>“. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 <\/span><\/span>\u0647\u0648<\/span><\/span> \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649<\/span><\/span> \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629<\/span><\/span>\u060c \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641\u0629 (\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645)\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632<\/span><\/span>\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u060c \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621. \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0638\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u0645\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647<\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0631. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0642\u0637. \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0631\u0648\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 “\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636.” \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0636\u063a\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0647<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062a\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0648 <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0630\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0648\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0631\u062b \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0646\u0634\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0643\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0647\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629. – \u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0632<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Isaac Newton (Credit: Mark Marturello)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Isaac Newton was born on Christmas Day, 1642. Never the humble sort, he would have found the date apt: The gift to humanity and science had arrived. A sickly infant, his mere survival was an achievement. Just 23 years later, with his alma mater Cambridge University and much of England closed due to plague, Newton discovered the laws that now bear his name. (He had to invent a new kind of math along the way: calculus.) The introverted English scholar held off on publishing those findings for decades, though, and it took the <\/span><\/span>Herculean<\/span><\/span><\/span> efforts of friend and comet discoverer Edmund Halley to get Newton to publish. T<\/span>he only reason Halley knew of Newton\u2019s <\/span><\/span><\/span>work?<\/span><\/span> A bet the former had with other scientists on the nature of planetary orbits. When Halley mentioned the orbital problem to him, Newton shocked his friend by giving the answer immediately, having long ago worked it out.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Halley persuaded Newton to publish his calculations, and the results were the\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Philosophi\u00e6<\/span><\/span>Naturalis Principia Mathematica<\/span><\/span>, or just the\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Principia<\/span><\/span>, in 1687. Not only did it describe for the first time how the planets moved <\/span><\/span>through space and how projectiles on Earth traveled through the air; the\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Principia<\/span><\/span>\u00a0showed that the same fundamental force, gravity, governs both. Newton united the heavens and the Earth with his laws. Thanks to him, scientists believed they had a chance of unlocking the universe\u2019s secrets.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Newton\u2019s academic devotion was absolute. His sometime assistant Humphrey Newton (no relation) wrote, \u201cI never knew him to take any recreation.\u201d He would only really leave his room to give lectures \u2014 even to empty rooms. \u201c<\/span><\/span>Ofttimes<\/span><\/span>he did in a manner, for want of hearers, read to the walls,\u201d Humphrey wrote in 1727. Newton never went halfway on anything.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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