{"id":47744,"date":"2025-03-01T21:24:51","date_gmt":"2025-03-01T18:24:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fargad.sa\/?p=47744"},"modified":"2025-03-01T21:24:51","modified_gmt":"2025-03-01T18:24:51","slug":"%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d9%82%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%87%d9%84-%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%87%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d8%b5%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fargad.sa\/?p=47744","title":{"rendered":"\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.. \u0647\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u061f!"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u00a0\u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0641\u064a*<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2016 <\/span><\/span>\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u060c <\/span><\/span>\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631<\/span><\/span> (\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span> \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 <\/span><\/span>\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629<\/span><\/span> \u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/span> \u0628\u0645\u0627<\/span><\/span> \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646<\/span><\/span> \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/span>!<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u062a <\/span><\/span>\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647<\/span><\/span> \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629) \u0628\u0639\u062f! <\/span><\/span>\u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f<\/span><\/span> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621<\/span><\/span> \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f<\/span><\/span>\u0629<\/span><\/span> \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0631<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u0628\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0628)!<\/span><\/span> \u0648<\/span><\/span>\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u0627<\/span><\/span>\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639<\/span><\/span> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631<\/span><\/span>!<\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644<\/span><\/span>!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u062d\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u062f<\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span> \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u064a<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 <\/span><\/span>\u062a\u064a\u062f<\/span><\/span>\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 <\/span><\/span>\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f<\/span><\/span> \u0639\u0628\u0631 <\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 <\/span><\/span>\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627<\/span><\/span> (<\/span><\/span>Coursera<\/span><\/span>). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 <\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 (<\/span><\/span>24\/7<\/span><\/span>)\u060c <\/span><\/span>\u0648<\/span><\/span>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/span><\/span>!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 <\/span><\/span>\u0648\u0645\u062f<\/span><\/span> \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 <\/span><\/span>\u0647\u0645\u0627<\/span><\/span> \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 <\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0627<\/span><\/span> \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632\u00a0(\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a) \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a)\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/span><\/span>\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629! \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 <\/span><\/span>\u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f<\/span><\/span>\u060c \u0648<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629<\/span><\/span>\u060c \u0648\u0627<\/span><\/span>\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f<\/span><\/span>\u060c \u0648<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/span>\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c <\/span><\/span>\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0629<\/span><\/span> \u062a\u062c\u0633\u0631\u00a0\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629<\/span><\/span>\u060c<\/span><\/span> \u0648\u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 <\/span><\/span>\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639<\/span><\/span>!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648<\/span><\/span>\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646)<\/span><\/span>\u060c <\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span>. \u0641\u0628\u0637\u0644<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0639\u062f \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0645<\/span><\/span> \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c <\/span><\/span>\u0628\u0644 <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span> \u0644\u062a\u0630\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629.<\/span><\/span> \u0641<\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/span>!<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u062d \u0647\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (<\/span><\/span>21 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u064b\u0627 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 21<\/span><\/span>)\u060c <\/span><\/span>\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span> \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645<\/span><\/span>. \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/span>\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 <\/span><\/span>\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a “\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629”<\/span><\/span>!<\/span><\/span> \u0644\u0643\u0646<\/span><\/span> \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0628<\/span><\/span>\u0643\u0645<\/span><\/span> \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a <\/span><\/span>\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627<\/span><\/span> \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633! <\/span><\/span>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a <\/span><\/span>\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>\u064a\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0647\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647: “\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span>\u060c<\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f”.<\/span><\/span> \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c <\/span><\/span>\u0628\u0644<\/span><\/span> \u0628\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span>!<\/span><\/span>[2]<\/span><\/span><\/a> [3]<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

\u0648<\/span><\/span>\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0647\u064a<\/span><\/span>\u060c<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/span><\/span> \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/span> \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/span><\/span>\u060c<\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644.<\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645 <\/span><\/span>\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b<\/span><\/span> \u0627<\/span><\/span>\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span>\u060c <\/span><\/span>\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 <\/span><\/span>\u0635\u062d\u0629<\/span><\/span> \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644<\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span>!<\/span><\/span>[4]<\/span><\/span><\/a> [5]<\/span><\/span><\/a> [6]<\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0643\u0641 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/span><\/span> \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u0628\u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 “<\/span><\/span>\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span>“<\/span><\/span>. \u0641\u0646\u062c\u062f <\/span><\/span>\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627 –<\/span><\/span>\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/span>– \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629<\/span><\/span>[7]<\/span><\/span><\/a> [8]<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/span>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064d <\/span><\/span>\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f<\/span><\/span> [9]<\/span><\/span><\/a>. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 <\/span><\/span>\u0639\u0635\u0631<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u062a <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u062c\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/span> \u0637\u0644\u0628<\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645. \u0641\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 <\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627\u064b<\/span><\/span>\u060c<\/span><\/span> \u0628\u0645\u0627 <\/span><\/span>\u064a\u0648\u062c\u0628<\/span><\/span> \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 <\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\u0628\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/span><\/span>\u064d<\/span><\/span> \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f<\/span><\/span>\u060c<\/span><\/span> \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647<\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/span> \u0628\u0647<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u062f <\/span><\/span>\u0627<\/span><\/span>\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0629<\/span><\/span>\u060c<\/span><\/span> \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span> \u0648<\/span><\/span>\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0628\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u063a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647.<\/span><\/span> \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0632\u0645\u0646<\/span><\/span> \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 <\/span><\/span>\u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 (\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629) \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 <\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>\u0628\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635<\/span><\/span>) <\/span><\/span>\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f<\/span><\/span>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u0648<\/span><\/span> \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647<\/span><\/span> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648<\/span><\/span>\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643<\/span><\/span>\u060c<\/span><\/span> \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 <\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c <\/span><\/span>(\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0628) \u0623\u0648 (<\/span><\/span>Learn to Earn<\/span><\/span>) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 <\/span><\/span>\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f. <\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631 <\/span><\/span>\u0639\u0646 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631<\/span><\/span> \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c <\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>Ledger<\/span><\/span>) <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 (<\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>\u062d\u064a\u062b<\/span><\/span> \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631 (\u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629) \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d <\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>\u0642\u064a\u0645<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span> \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 <\/span><\/span>\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/span>\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d<\/span><\/span> \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 <\/span><\/span>(\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a)<\/span><\/span> \u0644\u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a <\/span><\/span>\u0628\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 <\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span> (<\/span><\/span>\u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span> [10]<\/span><\/span><\/a> [11]<\/span><\/span><\/a>)<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a) \u0641\u0642\u062f<\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0642\u0639<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/span> 2020<\/span><\/span> \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0636\u064a <\/span><\/span>\u0628\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a<\/span><\/span> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629<\/span><\/span> \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a) <\/span><\/span>\u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 <\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0646<\/span><\/span> \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a <\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span> \u0628\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 <\/span><\/span>\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a <\/span><\/span>\u0628\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631<\/span><\/span> \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a<\/span><\/span>\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a <\/span><\/span>\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 <\/span><\/span>[12]<\/span><\/span><\/a> [13]<\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

“\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629” <\/span><\/span>\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0631\u0623\u064a<\/span><\/span> \u0625<\/span><\/span>\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646<\/span><\/span> \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 –<\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 <\/span><\/span>\u062a\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0627<\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 <\/span><\/span>\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0633<\/span><\/span> \u0625<\/span><\/span>\u0643\u0633- <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 <\/span><\/span>\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span> \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0647<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 <\/span><\/span>(\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629)<\/span><\/span> \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f <\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span> \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629! <\/span><\/span>\u0643\u0645\u0627<\/span><\/span> \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646<\/span><\/span> “\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u062a\u0633 -\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 <\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0648\u062a<\/span><\/span>– \u0648\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641 <\/span><\/span>\u062c\u0648\u0628\u0632<\/span><\/span> -\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0623\u0628\u0644- \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a <\/span><\/span>\u0625\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646<\/span><\/span> -\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0644- \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c <\/span><\/span>\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627<\/span><\/span> \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629”<\/span><\/span> [14]<\/span><\/span><\/a> [15]<\/span><\/span><\/a> [16]<\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646<\/span><\/span> \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/span> [17]<\/span><\/span><\/a> [18]<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645) <\/span><\/span>\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 <\/span><\/span>(\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629). \u0641\u0628\u0638\u0644<\/span><\/span> \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span>\u060c<\/span><\/span> \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646<\/span><\/span> \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0635\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u0645\u0639<\/span><\/span> \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643<\/span><\/span> \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 <\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 <\/span><\/span>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d (\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644<\/span><\/span>)\u060c <\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0644\u0628 \u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 <\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span>\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u0644<\/span><\/span>\u0643\u0646 <\/span><\/span>\u0644\u0646\u0627<\/span><\/span> \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632) -\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627- \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 <\/span><\/span>\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0648 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a). \u0648\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/span> \u0633\u062a\u0632\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a –<\/span><\/span>\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/span>– \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644<\/span><\/span>\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627<\/span><\/span> \u0628<\/span><\/span>\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/span><\/span>. \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a) \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d (\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0646).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0629<\/span><\/span> \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 <\/span><\/span>\u0630\u0648\u064a<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0646\u0627<\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0649<\/span><\/span>\u060c<\/span><\/span> \u0623\u0646 <\/span><\/span>\u0646\u062d\u062f\u062f<\/span><\/span> \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 <\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span> \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629 <\/span><\/span>\u0628\u0634\u063a\u0641\u0646\u0627 <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/span><\/span>\u060c <\/span><\/span>\u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643<\/span><\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 <\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span> \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629. <\/span><\/span>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u0627 <\/span><\/span>\u0623\u0646 <\/span><\/span>\u0646\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0644\u0630\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632<\/span><\/span>\u060c<\/span><\/span> “\u0641\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639 <\/span><\/span>\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/span> \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0646 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0646” <\/span><\/span>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/span><\/span> \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642<\/span><\/span>\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 “<\/span><\/span>Jack of all trades<\/span><\/span>;<\/span><\/span> m<\/span><\/span>aster of none<\/span><\/span>“<\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a<\/span><\/span> \u0628\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642<\/span><\/span> \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0642\u0627\u062f <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a <\/span><\/span>\u0641\u064a<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c <\/span><\/span>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 <\/span><\/span>\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645<\/span><\/span> \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a (<\/span><\/span>MOOCs<\/span><\/span>)<\/span><\/span> [19]<\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span> \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0662\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 (<\/span><\/span>Coursera<\/span><\/span>)\u060c <\/span><\/span>\u0643\u0645\u0627 <\/span><\/span>\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f <\/span><\/span>\u0648<\/span><\/span>\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 <\/span><\/span>MIT<\/span><\/span> \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 (<\/span><\/span>edX<\/span><\/span>). <\/span><\/span>\u0623\u0645\u0627 <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0636\u0645<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/span>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 <\/span><\/span>\u0641\u064a<\/span><\/span> \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span> \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0623<\/span><\/span>\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a <\/span><\/span>\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645<\/span><\/span> \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a<\/span><\/span>\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 <\/span><\/span>\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 (\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a) <\/span><\/span>\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646 -\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 <\/span><\/span>\u064a\u064a\u0644<\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0642 <\/span><\/span>\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627<\/span><\/span>. \u062d\u064a\u062b<\/span><\/span> \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0665\u0662\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 <\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c <\/span><\/span>\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/span> \u0662\u0668\u066a \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0645<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a. <\/span><\/span>\u0648<\/span><\/span>\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/span> \u0623\u0646 <\/span><\/span>\u0666\u0666\u066a \u0645\u0646<\/span><\/span> \u0627<\/span><\/span>\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/span> \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/span> \u0662\u0662-<\/span><\/span>\u0664\u0665<\/span><\/span> \u0639\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/span> [20]<\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span> \u0643\u0645\u0627<\/span><\/span> \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629<\/span><\/span> \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0632\u0646\u0633 \u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0648 \u0623\u0646<\/span><\/span> \u0668\u0667\u066a<\/span><\/span> \u0645\u0646 <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0628\u064a<\/span><\/span>\u0646<\/span><\/span> \u0644<\/span><\/span>\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635<\/span><\/span>\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span> \u0642\u062f <\/span><\/span>\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0648\u0627<\/span><\/span> \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627<\/span><\/span>\u064b <\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0663\u0663\u066a <\/span><\/span>\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0627<\/span><\/span> \u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 <\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064b<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0627<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span> \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span>\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a <\/span><\/span>[21]<\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/span><\/span> \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 <\/span><\/span>Coursera<\/span><\/span> \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0663\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646 <\/span><\/span>\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 <\/span><\/span>\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0628<\/span><\/span>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0668\u0662\u066a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646 <\/span><\/span>\u0623\u0643\u062f\u0648\u0627<\/span><\/span> \u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629<\/span><\/span> [22]<\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0638\u0647\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0666\u0665\u066a<\/span><\/span> [23]<\/span><\/span><\/a>. <\/span><\/span>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/span><\/span> \u0623\u0643\u062f<\/span><\/span> \u0668\u0660\u066a \u0645\u0646 <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646<\/span><\/span> (\u0663\u0661\u0669 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a)<\/span><\/span> \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a<\/span><\/span> \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a<\/span><\/span> [24]<\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645<\/span><\/span> \u0630\u0644\u0643<\/span><\/span>\u060c <\/span><\/span>\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 <\/span><\/span>UDACITY<\/span><\/span>\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 <\/span><\/span>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062d <\/span><\/span>\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span> \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 <\/span><\/span>\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <\/span><\/span>\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0629 <\/span><\/span>(<\/span><\/span>Nano<\/span><\/span>-d<\/span><\/span>egree<\/span><\/span>) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span> [25]<\/span><\/span><\/a>. <\/span><\/span>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 <\/span><\/span>\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 <\/span><\/span>\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/span> \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0661 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c<\/span><\/span> \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a <\/span><\/span>\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0661\u0660 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 <\/span><\/span>\u0641\u064a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/span>\u060c<\/span><\/span> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 <\/span><\/span>edX<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/span><\/span> \u0661\u0667 \u0623\u0644\u0641<\/span><\/span> \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0668\u0661\u066a<\/span><\/span> [26]<\/span><\/span><\/a>. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0627\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646 <\/span><\/span>\u0641\u064a <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0665\u0665 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0628 <\/span><\/span>[27]<\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0621.. \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 <\/span><\/span>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f<\/span><\/span> \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0648\u0628) \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 (\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629) \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u062d \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629! \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062e\u0631\u062c <\/span><\/span>\u0628\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631<\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

_______________________________<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[1]<\/span><\/p>\n

World Economic Forum, “The Fourth Industrial Revolution,” YouTube, 13 04 2016. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6Pv4VKMMvdE.<\/span><\/p>\n

[2]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u0633, “Twenty One Lessons For The 21 Century,” YouTube, 23 02 2019. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wveC4JJo-mU.<\/span><\/p>\n

[3]<\/span><\/p>\n

Yuval Noah Harari , 21 Lessons for the 21st Century, Random House, 2018.<\/span><\/p>\n

[4]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0647\u064a\u060c “\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644” YouTube, 15 06 2018. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=STqDDbQ5dEI.<\/span><\/p>\n

[5]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0647\u064a\u060c “\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0651\u064f\u0635 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647” \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u060c 2015.<\/span><\/p>\n

[6]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0647\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a: \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0641\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n

[7]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631, \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c, “\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 – \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627,” YouTube, 17 04 2022. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=vTaah7OTr7U.<\/span><\/p>\n

[8]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c 1993.<\/span><\/p>\n

[9]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0632\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0663.<\/span><\/p>\n

[10]<\/span><\/p>\n

Institute for the Future, “Learning is Earning 2026 – A partnership between ACT Foundation & IFTF,” YouTube, 08 03 2016. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Zssd6eBVfwc.<\/span><\/p>\n

[11]<\/span><\/p>\n

Institute for the Future, “Learning is Earning 2026,” IFTF, 2016.<\/span><\/p>\n

[12]<\/span><\/p>\n

Associated Press, “Trump: Fed hiring to focus on skills over degrees,” YouTube, 27 06 2020. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=rGU_VeazjO0.<\/span><\/p>\n

[13]<\/span><\/p>\n

Michael Collins, “Trump signs order prioritizing job skills over college degree in government hiring,” USA Today, 27 06 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n

[14]<\/span><\/p>\n

Elon Musk Viral Videos, “Elon Musk ‘I Don’t Give A Damn About Your Degree’,” YouTube, 2018. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CQbKctnnA-Y.<\/span><\/p>\n

[15]<\/span><\/p>\n

Space Policy and Politics, “Elon Musk, Satellite 2020 Conference, Washington DC, March 9, 2020,” YouTube, 24 03 2020. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ywPqLCc9zBU.[16]<\/span><\/p>\n

Lauren Aratani, “Elon Musk says college is ‘basically for fun and not for learning’,” The Guardian, 10 03 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n

[17]<\/span><\/p>\n

Motivation Madness, “The Most Successful People Explain Why a College Degree is USELESS,” YouTube, 12 10 2017. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=e8QY0NDWqzk.<\/span><\/p>\n

[18]<\/span><\/p>\n

Team The WisdomPost & Sophia in Education, “Billionaires Explaining To You Why A College Degree Is Useless,” The Wisdom Post.<\/span><\/p>\n

[19]<\/span><\/p>\n

GATES J, MUNDIE C, JACKSON S, “PCAST Considers Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) and Related Technologies in Higher Education,” The White House President Barak Obama, 2013.<\/span><\/p>\n

[20]<\/span><\/p>\n

Rick Levin, “MOOCs and the Future of Higher Education,” University of California Television (UCTV) , 2017. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ROp3fOtpEdI.<\/span><\/p>\n

[21]<\/span><\/p>\n

Zhenghao C, Alcorn B, Christensen G, et al, “Who\u2019s Benefiting from MOOCs, and Why,” Harvard Business Review, 2015.<\/span><\/p>\n

[22]<\/span><\/p>\n

“Coursera Translates 4,000 Courses into Arabic and Launches New AI Features to Serve Arab Learners,” Riyadh Daily, 2023.<\/span><\/p>\n

[23]<\/span><\/p>\n

Alhazzani N, “MOOC\u2019s impact on higher education,” Social Sciences & Humanities Open, vol. 2, no. 1, 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n

[24]<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u063a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c “\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0642 MOOCs \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a” \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c\u0662\u0660\u0661\u0666.<\/span><\/p>\n

[25]<\/span><\/p>\n

“RISE: A fully funded scholarship program under the Saudi Digital Academy,” Saudi Digital Academy, 2023.<\/span><\/p>\n

[26]<\/span><\/p>\n

KAUST Innovation, “17,000 Saudi youth attend world\u2019s first online Arabic MOOC in entrepreneurship,” KAUST.<\/span><\/p>\n

[27]<\/span><\/p>\n

“KAUST: Entrepreneurship Adventures – \u0645\u063a\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644,” KAUST-edX.<\/span><\/p>\n

*\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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