{"id":7638,"date":"2021-11-06T20:10:38","date_gmt":"2021-11-06T17:10:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fargad.sa\/?p=7638"},"modified":"2021-11-06T20:10:57","modified_gmt":"2021-11-06T17:10:57","slug":"%d8%a3%d9%82%d8%af%d9%85-%d9%82%d8%b5%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%83%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%84%d8%ba%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%86%d8%ac%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fargad.sa\/?p=7638","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633 (Junius Manuscript)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0644 (Dr Oliver Tearle<\/strong>) \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 (Loughborough)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u064f\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 1880-1930\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629 (Interesting Literature<\/strong>)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: (\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0627)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u200b\u200b10 Works of Anglo-Saxon Literature Everyone Should Read<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

:These works are<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. The Exeter Book riddles.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. \u2018The Wife\u2019s Lament\u2019.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Beowulf.<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. \u2018The Seafarer\u2019.<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. \u2018The Wanderer\u2019.<\/span><\/li>\n
  6. C\u00e6dmon’s Hymn<\/strong><\/span><\/li>\n
  7. \u2018Bede\u2019s Death Song\u2019.<\/span><\/li>\n
  8. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.<\/span><\/li>\n
  9. \u2018The Dream of the Rood\u2019.<\/span><\/li>\n
  10. \u2018The Battle of Maldon\u2019.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0631.<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. “\u0631\u062b\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629”.<\/span><\/li>\n
    3. \u060c \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0641.<\/span><\/li>\n
    4. “\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0627\u0631”.<\/span><\/li>\n
    5. “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0644”.<\/span><\/li>\n
    6. \u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646.<\/span><\/li>\n
    7. “\u0623\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a \u062f\u064a\u062b”.<\/span><\/li>\n
    8. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644.<\/span><\/li>\n
    9. “\u062d\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062f”.<\/span><\/li>\n
    10. “\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646”.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 (C\u00e6dmon’s Hymn<\/strong>) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0631 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a ( Abbey of Whitby)\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a (Bede) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0647\u00a0 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u062c\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c\u00a0 \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c\u00a0 \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0638\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0642\u0638 \u060c \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0645\u0647 \u060c \u062b\u0645 \u063a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0630\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639\u0627\u064b\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0633\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u064a\u0627\u062a\u00a0 \u0648\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0634\u0639\u0631\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629\u00a0 \u0625\u0644\u0649\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u0646\u0635 \u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 (C\u00e6dmon’s Hymn<\/strong>) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      N\u016b scylun hergan\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 hefaenr\u012bcaes Uard,<\/span><\/p>\n

      Now let’s honor\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 heaven’s Guardian<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      metud\u00e6s maecti\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 end his m\u014ddgidanc,<\/span><\/p>\n

      (the) measurer’s might\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 and his mode\/method to-be-thanked-for\/praised<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      uerc Uuldurfadur,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 su\u0113 h\u0113 uundra gihwaes,<\/span><\/p>\n

      (the) work (of the) Glory-Father\u00a0\u00a0 and his wonders praiseworthy (which)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u0113ci dryctin\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u014dr \u0101stelid\u00e6<\/span><\/p>\n

      (the) Eternal Lord \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 established in the beginning.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      h\u0113 \u01e3rist sc\u014dp\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 aelda barnum<\/span><\/p>\n

      He (the) first scop\/poet (created for) people-children\/the sons of men<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      heben til hr\u014dfe,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 h\u0101leg scepen.<\/span><\/p>\n

      heaven as roof \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (our) holy creator\/poet!<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      Th\u0101 middungeard\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 moncynn\u00e6s Uard,<\/span><\/p>\n

      Then middle-earth \u00a0\u00a0 mankind’s Guardian<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      eci Dryctin,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00e6fter t\u012bad\u00e6<\/span><\/p>\n

      (our) eternal Lord\u00a0\u00a0 afterwards creatively adorned (with)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      firum foldu,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Fr\u0113a allmectig.<\/span><\/p>\n

      firm earth \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 (our) Father almighty!<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \u00a0\u062a\u0645 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629: \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0647\u062c\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u062b\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0651\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646( Caedmon Book )<\/strong> \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633 (Junius Manuscript)<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1651 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0643 \u062c\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062b\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0646\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0646\u0642\u0644 Caedmon <\/strong>\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0649 Caedmon\u2019s Paraphrase<\/strong>\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 Caedmon<\/strong> \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629 Caedmon<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u0661-\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 “\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646” (Genesis) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u00a0 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 2936 \u0633\u0637\u0631\u0627. \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0640 234 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631 235-851 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0642.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u0662-\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 “\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c” (Exodus )\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 590 \u0633\u0637\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0647\u0631\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u0663-\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 “\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644” (Daniel) \u060c \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 764 \u0633\u0637\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0628 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u0664-\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 (C\u00e6dmon’s Hymn)<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u0665- \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u062e\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a (Bede’s Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum)<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f (The Lost Paradise)<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0646 (John Milton)<\/strong> \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0646 (C\u00e6dmon’s Hymn)<\/strong>\u060c <\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0647\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\/\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a\u00a0 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      *\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0648\u0643 \u2013 \u062a\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631: Fatima Al-Sharif<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u0644 (Dr Oliver Tearle) \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 (Loughborough)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u064f\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 1880-1930\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629 (Interesting Literature)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: (\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":7658,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1150,103,1,8],"tags":[174,1288,1287,224,1290,1292,1291,1286,1289,1285],"class_list":["post-7638","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-1150","category-103","category-1","category-8","tag-174","tag-1288","tag-1287","tag-224","tag-1290","tag-1292","tag-1291","tag-1286","tag-1289","tag-1285"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fargad.sa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7638","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fargad.sa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fargad.sa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fargad.sa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/13"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fargad.sa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7638"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/fargad.sa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7638\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7991,"href":"https:\/\/fargad.sa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7638\/revisions\/7991"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fargad.sa\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7658"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fargad.sa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7638"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fargad.sa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7638"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fargad.sa\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7638"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}