{"id":9860,"date":"2022-01-01T13:55:29","date_gmt":"2022-01-01T10:55:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fargad.sa\/?p=9860"},"modified":"2022-01-01T20:33:35","modified_gmt":"2022-01-01T17:33:35","slug":"__trashed-7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fargad.sa\/?p=9860","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062a \u0643\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0632\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647. \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0628\u0644\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0625\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0641. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642: \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0634\u0628\u0644\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Marie Curie (Credit: Mark Marturello)<\/span>
\nDespite her French name, Marie Curie\u2019s story didn\u2019t start in France. Her road to Paris and success was a hard one, as equally worthy of admiration as her scientific accomplishments.<\/span>
\nBorn Maria Salomea Sklodowska in 1867 in Warsaw, Poland, she faced some daunting hurdles, both because of her gender and her family\u2019s poverty, which stemmed from the political turmoil at the time. Her parents, deeply patriotic Poles, lost most of their money supporting their homeland in its struggle for independence from Russian, Austrian and Prussian regimes. Her father, a math and physics professor, and her mother, headmistress of a respected boarding school in Russian-occupied Warsaw, instilled in their five kids a love of learning. They also imbued them with an appreciation of Polish culture, which the Russian government discouraged.<\/span>
\nWhen Curie and her three sisters finished regular schooling, they couldn\u2019t carry on with higher education like their brother. The local university didn\u2019t let women enroll, and their family didn\u2019t have the money to send them abroad. Their only options were to marry or become governesses. Curie and her sister Bronislawa found another way.<\/span>
\nThe pair took up with a secret organization called Flying University, or sometimes Floating University. Fittingly, given the English abbreviation, the point of FU was to stick it to the Russian government and provide a pro-Polish education, in Polish \u2014 expressly forbidden in Russian-controlled Poland.<\/span>
\nEventually, the sisters hatched a plan that would help them both get the higher education they so desperately wanted. Curie would work as a governess and support Bronislawa\u2019s medical school studies. Then, Bronislawa would return the favor once she was established. Curie endured years of misery as a governess, but the plan worked. In 1891, she packed her bags and headed to Paris and her bright future.<\/span>
\nAt the University of Paris, Curie was inspired by French physicist Henri Becquerel. In 1896, he discovered that uranium emitted something that looked an awful lot like \u2014 but not quite the same as \u2014 X-rays, which had been discovered only the year before. Intrigued, Curie decided to explore uranium and its mysterious rays as a Ph.D. thesis topic.<\/span>
\nEventually, she realized whatever was producing these rays was happening at an atomic level, an important first step to discovering that atoms weren\u2019t the smallest form of matter. It was a defining moment for what Curie would eventually call radioactivity.<\/span>
\nAround the same time, Curie met and married her French husband, Pierre, an accomplished physicist who abandoned his own work and joined his wife\u2019s research. The two started examining minerals containing uranium and pitchblende, a uranium-rich ore, and realized the latter was four times more radioactive than pure uranium. They reasoned some other element must be in the mix, sending those radioactive levels through the roof. And they were right: After processing literally tons of pitchblende, they discovered a new element and named it polonium, after Marie\u2019s native Poland.<\/span>
\nThey published a paper in July 1898, revealing the find. And just five months later, they announced their discovery of yet another element, radium, found in trace amounts in urani<\/span><\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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